-
Animal Management Practices and Problems Leading to Crop Animal Conflict in Kamajei, Moyamba District and Kissy Tongi Chiefdoms, Kailahun District, Sierra Leone
Mahmud Emkay Sesay,
Marion Macorthor Maltina Sesay,
Victor Patrict Bagla,
David Panda-Noah
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-6
Received:
3 September 2021
Accepted:
2 November 2021
Published:
25 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This survey was carried out between January and March 2021 in two chiefdoms in Sierra Leone, namely Kamajei chiefdom, in Moyamba district, in the South and Kissi Tongi chiefdom, Kailahun district in the East. Both share boundaries with our major sources of livestock supply (Northern Province and Guinea). Kamajei chiefdom had long been involved in livestock farming, with a very large number of worehs and a well-established Management system and structure. Unlike Kissi Tongi chiefdom, there were very few worehs and no structures in place to guide the farmers in preventing conflict. All livestock, crop farmers, and chiefs, form the sampling size. Information was collected in Local languages on land acquisition, management Systems, causes of conflict and how conflict should be resolved. Results showed the following, firstly, 100% of animal rearers acquired land within Kamajei chiefdom by agreement from Land holding families with yearly Payment of Le1,500,000, while in the Kissi Tongi, 60% acquired land by agreement and 40% do not go into any form of agreement. In Kissi Tongi, 80% of the land belongs to the community people and 20% to land holding families. In the Kissi Tongi Chiefdom, 75% of animal rearers were found not to pay for grazing areas, while 20% payed yearly and 5% after every two years for land ultilization. In Kamajei chiefdom, on the other hand, 100% of their animals were kept under semi-intensive. While in Kissi Tongi, a100% extensive system was employed. In both chiefdoms, damage to crops was the first cause of conflict between farmers and herders. Crop damage was not limited to damage done to growing crops but included unauthorized grazing of crop residues after harvest. Other causes of conflict reported were access to watering points, expansion of crop fields across corridors for animal passage and thefts of animal. Finally, in Kamajei chiefdom, all crop farmers reported animal farmers for damages done to their crops to authorities to settle damage caused by animals to crops with huge compensation paid, while in Kissi Tongi, 50% don’t report any damage to authorities and don’t pay for damage while 30% do report to town chiefs and 20% to animal owners for peaceful resolution of the conflict. Moreover, payment for damage done is either directly to crop owners or town chief. In conclusion, although sporadic conflicts were reported, the potential for them to escalate is high if guideline are not instituted within these communities.
Abstract: This survey was carried out between January and March 2021 in two chiefdoms in Sierra Leone, namely Kamajei chiefdom, in Moyamba district, in the South and Kissi Tongi chiefdom, Kailahun district in the East. Both share boundaries with our major sources of livestock supply (Northern Province and Guinea). Kamajei chiefdom had long been involved in l...
Show More
-
Sociocultural Reminiscencies of Pandemics, Health Culture and Tourism in Dalmatia (II.)
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
7-22
Received:
24 February 2022
Accepted:
25 March 2022
Published:
9 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Throughout its millnnial history, humanity has been confronted with numerous infectious diseases and even global pandemics since time immemorial, with an insufficient level of health culture. Among the most famous and most terrible pandemics, the source and focus of which was most often in the Far East with a low health culture were pandemics of leprosy, plague, smallpox, cholera, tuberculosis, malaria, and the latest pandemic Corona virus SARS Cov-2 COVID-19. They also affected our region and Dalmatia, which has always had extensive communications throughout the Mediterranean and the world. Half a billion people or 2/3 of the inhabitants of Europe and its recurrences are recorded until the beginning of the 21st century. The development of mass tourism with all the health benefits of temporary changes in the working and living environment and living in health-saving areas (sea, lakes, mountains...), due to large globalized intercontinental migrations at the same time results in large pollution and environmental destruction and intensive contacts for the spread of epidemics pandemic infectious diseases. Positive but also negative experiences and the scale of pandemics of infectious diseases and activities for their prevention and control are considered on a global scale and especially in the area of the famous Croatian Mediterranean region of Dalmatia, as a crossroads of demographic, economic and cultural communications to Europe and the world. Understanding and analysing the occurrence and legality of occurrence, development, spread and duration of periodic recurrence of epidemics and pandemics, as well as their suppression and prevention throughout the millennium history, with sociocultural and touristic interaction which is discussed in this paper, can be a valuable reference point in the current pandemic SARS Cov-2 COVID-19, which has seriously threatened the world with so far (31.01.21.) an estimated over 100 million patients and 2 million deaths (in Croatia over 200 000 patients and 5000 deaths) with, in some European countries, a worrying progression that despite the efforts of the health epidemiological profession is not waning. However, with the drastic measures taken by the National Staff, the situation with the pandemic at the end of January 2021 is gradually easing, which allows for a cautious relaxation of measures. Following this is the announcement of further cautious easing of measures with the intention that Croatia, as a "corona free" destination, welcomes the upcoming tourist season on which the entire Dalmatian and whole Croatian economy depends.
Abstract: Throughout its millnnial history, humanity has been confronted with numerous infectious diseases and even global pandemics since time immemorial, with an insufficient level of health culture. Among the most famous and most terrible pandemics, the source and focus of which was most often in the Far East with a low health culture were pandemics of le...
Show More
-
The State of Prison in Bangladesh: Disparities Between Law and Practices
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
23-28
Received:
7 March 2022
Accepted:
30 March 2022
Published:
26 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Correction of offender is a very emerging issue in current situation of Bangladesh. Crime rate increases day by day. Our criminal justice system has failed to control the increasing crime rate. They also have failed to proper reintegration of offenders into the society. Prison plays a vital role for correction of prisoners. The Prison is administered by the prison authority who follows some legal statutes. Prison condition, reformation and rehabilitation of prisoners and the disparities between law and practices in correctional system are also the highlighting point of the study. The study based on secondary sources including intellectual articles, books, report of different NGO’s and newspapers. Rights of prisoner are the most talked of topic not only in Bangladesh but also in the whole world. This paper describes existing rights of prisoners which is defined in various acts. The study has found, current prison condition is vulnerable for the reformation and rehabilitation of prisoners. Prisoners are abused in various ways by the prison authority. Without payment, prisoners don’t get their minimum access to the rights which are protected by the law. Prisoners are being treated selectively based on their socio- economic status or political involvement. As a result, the rate of recidivism increases day by day. In the civilized world, the justice system has to ensure the prisoners right.
Abstract: Correction of offender is a very emerging issue in current situation of Bangladesh. Crime rate increases day by day. Our criminal justice system has failed to control the increasing crime rate. They also have failed to proper reintegration of offenders into the society. Prison plays a vital role for correction of prisoners. The Prison is administer...
Show More
-
The Iranian Prince and the Popular Position of the Government (Democracy) in the View of Abu Hanifa Dinvari
Abolfazl Razavi,
Hossein Mohammadi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
29-36
Received:
29 March 2022
Accepted:
23 April 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: In the formation of the system of power in Iran and the legitimate position of the kings, the concern for the people and the attention to justice in the interests of the subjects, had a great contribution and the Iranian branch provides the causes of the royal branch. The king had the necessary kindness and authority as long as he was with the people and the people. In this view, the emergence of the monarchy was the result of popular action and popular vote, and the system of power was customary in nature and then sacred. The collective fortunes of the inhabitants of Iranshahr towards the just and wise king were effective in maintaining his power, and the public's hatred and hatred contributed to the decline of his position. Accordingly, the present article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, while examining the popular position of the government and the functioning of the imperial institution in Iran, considers this issue in the historiographical vision of Abu Hanifa Dinvari. According to the Iranian ideas in the historiography of Abu Hanifa Dinvari, it seems that the mentioned historian, as one of the pioneers of Islamic historiography, based on the necessity of the rulers' attention to the people, spoke about the relations between the society and the government. In a mythical way, Dinvari explains the harmony of society and government in a way in which the popular position and the customary-sacred aspect of government are evident. In addition, in the field of history, it offers significant convergent ideas in its historiography.
Abstract: In the formation of the system of power in Iran and the legitimate position of the kings, the concern for the people and the attention to justice in the interests of the subjects, had a great contribution and the Iranian branch provides the causes of the royal branch. The king had the necessary kindness and authority as long as he was with the peop...
Show More
-
Post-Harvest Application of Giberelic Acid as a Retarding Agent of Ripening Banana from the Tropic of Cochabamba
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
37-40
Received:
25 February 2022
Accepted:
24 March 2022
Published:
16 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The banana crop is one of the crops with the greatest economic and social impact in the tropics of Cochabamba, but it presents waste due to it is short shelf life. For this reason and the increasing demand for this fruit, a ripening retardation technique based on plant growth regulators for agricultural use is proposed. The work evaluated the effect of gibberellic acid (AG3) on the shelf life of sweet banana Musa variety Cavendish Robusta Valery after harvest. Three treatments were carried out with doses of gibberellic acid, plus the control; then controls were carried out on the maturation times. Bunches were taken from a single plot with a dose for each box of bananas, which contains approximately 120 units. The bananas, harvested with all the green skin, were sprayed with gibberellic acid minutes before packing, in the following treatments: 10, 15 and 20 cc/l of AG3. The bananas were stored in a controlled environment (20 ± 1°C, with 40% humidity). Spray application of gibberellic acid to bananas provided 1.5 days of additional pot life. After 10 days of storage, the AG3 doses of 15 cc/l and 20 cc/l were the most propitious for post-harvest storage of Musa variety Cavendish Robusta Valery sweet banana.
Abstract: The banana crop is one of the crops with the greatest economic and social impact in the tropics of Cochabamba, but it presents waste due to it is short shelf life. For this reason and the increasing demand for this fruit, a ripening retardation technique based on plant growth regulators for agricultural use is proposed. The work evaluated the effec...
Show More
-
Women's Entrepreneurship and State Policies in Morocco: Analysis and Perspectives
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
41-48
Received:
24 May 2022
Accepted:
7 June 2022
Published:
16 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.16
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Women's entrepreneurship is treated as one of the main axes of development in Morocco. This is why the Moroccan government has put in place a battery of measures to encourage and encourage the spread of the entrepreneurial culture in general and that of women in particular. Promoting entrepreneurship is considered a government priority. The latter has put in place a policy based essentially on supporting self-employment initiatives, supporting entrepreneurs, encouraging the spirit of creativity and innovation and increasing the performance of employment promotion initiatives. For Moroccan women, entrepreneurship creates an opportunity to access income-generating activities. In this research work, we have explored the situation of these women in a context characterized by multiple transformations, and we will highlight the situation of entrepreneurship in political leadership. The results of our interviews with women entrepreneurs and key informants showed the absence of a specific agenda and a targeted action plan to promote female entrepreneurship despite the different gender and gender equality policies. Thus, these policies are not supported by a national strategic framework and consequently, at the operational level, we are witnessing the absence of effective concrete actions that will enable the achievement of the expected objectives and the strategies set.
Abstract: Women's entrepreneurship is treated as one of the main axes of development in Morocco. This is why the Moroccan government has put in place a battery of measures to encourage and encourage the spread of the entrepreneurial culture in general and that of women in particular. Promoting entrepreneurship is considered a government priority. The latter ...
Show More
-
Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission: A Comparative Study of Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres in Gwembe District - February 2020
Martha Malasa,
Lungowe Sitali,
Nyambe Sinyange,
Busiku Hamainza,
Patrick Musonda
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
49-56
Received:
21 October 2021
Accepted:
15 December 2021
Published:
21 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.stpp.20220601.17
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Zambia. Malaria hotspots pose a challenge to attaining malaria elimination by 2021. Identifying predictors of malaria in hotspots and geographically adjacent areas might reveal important information about how to achieve this goal. Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres (RHCs) in Southern Province have been receiving the same intervention package since 2014, yet malaria incidence in 2019 were 6/1000 and 117/1000, respectively. This study aimed at investigating factors associated with malaria transmission in these two RHC catchment areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs, where a pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 340 consenting participants tested for malaria during January-February 2020. Data collected included: age; education level; malaria knowledge; insecticide treated nets (ITN) possession and use; indoor residual spraying (IRS); travel history; index case follow-up; outdoor activities; and presence of stagnant water. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done using Stata. Results: At Sompani RHC, 50% (85/170) of participants had malaria during January-February 2020 compared to Munyumbwe with 5.9% (10/170). The study also showed that respondents from Munyumbwe RHC had 80% reduced chance of acquiring malaria compared to those from Sompani (AOR = 0.2; p = 0.001). Travelling outside the district was associated with malaria (AOR = 29.48; p < 0.0001) only at Sompani RHC. In both areas, participants who utilized ITNs had reduced odds of acquiring malaria than those who never utilized (AOR = 0.28 p = 0.04), (AOR=0.11 p = 0.006) at Munyumbwe and Sompani RHC respectively. Index case follow-up was lower in Sompani (6%) than Munyumbwe (90%) (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the ratio of Community Health workers to the catchment population for Munyumbwe and Sompani RHCs were 1:500 and 1:1250 respectively. Conclusion: Travelling outside the district was a unique predictor of malaria. Additionally, only a minority of index cases is followed up in Sompani, in contrast to Munyumbwe due to inadequate number of CHWs. Providing malaria prophylaxis to travelers, training CHWs and strengthening index case follow-up are potential strategies to control malaria in Sompani and Munyumbwe.
Abstract: Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Zambia. Malaria hotspots pose a challenge to attaining malaria elimination by 2021. Identifying predictors of malaria in hotspots and geographically adjacent areas might reveal important information about how to achieve this goal. Munyumbwe and Sompani Rural Health Centres (RHCs) in South...
Show More
