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Consequences of Violence Against Women: Amhara Regional State, East Gojjam Zone High-school and Preparatory Schools as a Case in Point
Genanew Jemberu Engida,
Adane Mengest Tessma,
Mulugeta Nega Gobeze
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
1-7
Received:
13 November 2019
Accepted:
28 November 2019
Published:
17 April 2020
Abstract: Violence are different in its extent, and in advanced contraries men’s are exposed for violence by women but in the Ethiopian context, men’s are the perpetuator for violence and violence against women is common and has been growing from time to time. Cognizant of this gap, this study attempted to explore the consequences of violence against women: the case of East Gojjam Zone particularly in high-School and preparatory schools as a case in point. To meet the objective of the study, qualitative method with the case study design was used. In this study, eighteen semi structure interviewees, seven key informants’ eight focus group discussants, were participated. All of the participants were selected by using non probability sampling technique specifically purposive sampling. Therefore, the data sources were primary data. Semi-structured interview, key informant interview and FGDs were used as a tool for collecting primary data. To analyze the data thematic analysis methods was employed. The findings from the study revealed that violence against women have so many consequences such as constricting the scope of women students activity, negative impact on women and girls health outcome, poor school performance, psychological impact, drop out, disrupting their lives and behavioral change and poverty. The study has concluded that violence against women at school level have several consequences. Based on the conclusion, recommendations are forwarded in line with the major finding of the study. Such as, Schools should create awareness for the communities to stop Violence against women and its negative consequences through different training, schools should strength gender club to build up the capacity of women students regarding on struggling violence against women to enhance self-confidence, to report and follow up on VAW at or around the schools, mainstream activities related to prevent violence against school women’s in school system should be incorporated, provide training to parents in alternative methods for disciplining children and useful ideas on child rearing, women students should aware and eliminated peer pressure and others the motivating factors which exposed themselves for violence, the schools should create income-generating activities for schoolgirls coming from poor families to empower them economically.
Abstract: Violence are different in its extent, and in advanced contraries men’s are exposed for violence by women but in the Ethiopian context, men’s are the perpetuator for violence and violence against women is common and has been growing from time to time. Cognizant of this gap, this study attempted to explore the consequences of violence against women: ...
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Assessing the Public and Philanthropic Financial Contribution to the Development of New Drugs: A Bibliographic Analysis
Louise Schmidt,
Claudia Wild
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
8-14
Received:
29 March 2020
Accepted:
20 April 2020
Published:
15 May 2020
Abstract: Background: There is wide debate on the cost of some pharmaceutical products and the impact this has on access to medicine. Little publicized knowledge on the public and philanthropic contribution to research and development costs exists so far. The objective of work reported here was to collect information on public contributions to research funding and thus contribute to the discussion on return on public investment. Methods: A multi-level search process was developed to search for public and philanthropic research funding based on 3 main steps: (1) identification of all generic and molecular names and terms, (2) systematic search for pre-marketing pathway information and related research funding, (3) systematic search for corresponding research funding amounts. Three Paediatric Orphan Drugs (Spinraza®, Brineura®, Crysvita®), which were approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2017, were chosen to pilot the methods. Results: We estimated that public/philanthropic contributions to funding of product-related research ranged between approximately € 20 million (Spinraza®) and € 31 million (Brineura®). However, this is a very conservative estimate since pharmaceutical development calls upon basic research, which does not mention product-specific terms. For instance, for research into SMA as a whole, public and philanthropic research funding contributions totalling € 165 million were identified. Conclusions: Researching public and philanthropic R & D funding proved to be difficult and time consuming. Further piloting including the refinement and standardisation of the search strategy is underway.
Abstract: Background: There is wide debate on the cost of some pharmaceutical products and the impact this has on access to medicine. Little publicized knowledge on the public and philanthropic contribution to research and development costs exists so far. The objective of work reported here was to collect information on public contributions to research fundi...
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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Nigeria: The Role of the Architect
Nnaemeka-Okeke Rosemary Chidimma,
Okeke Francis Ogochukwu,
Sam-Amobi Chinwe
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
15-21
Received:
3 April 2020
Accepted:
26 April 2020
Published:
15 May 2020
Abstract: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development seeks to eradicate poverty which is considered as a global challenge and also, a requirement to achieve sustainable development for all by 2030. It advocates for conservation and mains to enhance global resource base, by gradually changing the ways in which we develop and use technologies. Architecture is a field of study for planning and ordering of the built environment. Therefore, architects need to key into this plan to achieve the set goals as professionals by creating and preserving the quality of the built environment under the conditions of each community. This paper examines the role of Architects towards achieving the 17 goals of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development in Nigeria. The research methodology adopted in this study is by review of related existing literature of the 17 sustainable development goals and finally developing a framework that can be adopted by architects in Nigeria to achieve a sustainable built environment. From the result of study, the impact of the goals were grouped into three parts; Major Challenge, Significant Challenge and Challenge remains. It concludes that architect’s role in attaining this development goals is indispensable as their designs affects man, his activities and the built environment.
Abstract: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development seeks to eradicate poverty which is considered as a global challenge and also, a requirement to achieve sustainable development for all by 2030. It advocates for conservation and mains to enhance global resource base, by gradually changing the ways in which we develop and use technologies. Architecture is...
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Sexual Harassment Experience Among the Female Population in Bangladesh
Mohammad Iftakhar Parvej,
Mimma Tabassum,
Mohammad Rasel Hossain
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
22-26
Received:
3 April 2020
Accepted:
28 April 2020
Published:
19 May 2020
Abstract: Bangladesh is a south Asian country speaking of which this country is not also free from such inhuman events named sexual harassment. Lack of family governance, lack of law enforcement, abuse of internet, lack of social awareness provokes the offenders to do such unsocial activities. In this basis the study was conducted to uphold the overall scenario of sexual harassment in Bangladesh. This paper includes the students of different institutions, homemaker, worker, employer and maids. The primary data for this study were collected with a predetermined questionnaire within the month of September to November 2019. A number of 489 respondents were interviewed to know about their experience on sexual harassment. The study finds that 91.4% of the respondents claimed to face sexual harassment at least once in their life where 1.4% and 12.3% of them claimed that they were sexually harassed every day and frequently respectively. The study reveals that victims mostly harassed by stranger. The study suggests that offenders are mostly of age group “16-30”. The study also compares the sexual harassment rate of Noakhali district with other districts combined where the study shows that the rate in both case is very severe. The study shows that this kind of inhuman wrongdoing generated huge amount of fear in female population. As a result this incident put a great impact on the social life of the respondents. The respondents urged to strict law enforcement process and to raise social awareness about the harassment so that it can help to minimize the sexual harassment nationwide.
Abstract: Bangladesh is a south Asian country speaking of which this country is not also free from such inhuman events named sexual harassment. Lack of family governance, lack of law enforcement, abuse of internet, lack of social awareness provokes the offenders to do such unsocial activities. In this basis the study was conducted to uphold the overall scena...
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Characteristics of Selected Lining Fabrics on the Ghanaian Market Used for Garment Construction
Patience Danquah Monnie,
Winston Yao Sappor
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
27-33
Received:
3 April 2020
Accepted:
20 April 2020
Published:
19 May 2020
Abstract: Linings used in garment construction provide comfort for the wearer, preserve the shape of a garment and conceal constructional details thus improving both the garment’s appearance and performance. The aim of this research was to assess the performance of three most patronized lining fabrics on the Ghanaian market. Three different brands of lining fabrics commonly used for garment construction were selected and labelled A, B and C. A total number of 63 specimens were used for the study. The parameters tested included weave type, thread count, weight, tensile strength, dimensional change to washing and colourfastness. The average values of the parameters tested were recorded. The results of the study showed that the performance properties of the selected lining fabrics varied. The fabric brand C performed best in terms of colourfastness to crocking, change in colour to washing and dimensional stability. All the evaluated lining fabric samples met standard specifications for fibre content, weave type and strength, but not weight, while some performed better in some parameters tested than others. The thread count reflected the weight and strength of the investigated samples, but not the dimensional stability. As thread count increased the weight and strength also increased. It is therefore, recommended that consumers of lining fabrics pay much attention to their selection as their performance properties vary and can affect the fashion fabrics. Further research works can be conducted where the number of lining fabric brands will be increased to help determine the compliance of manufacturers to specifications for such products.
Abstract: Linings used in garment construction provide comfort for the wearer, preserve the shape of a garment and conceal constructional details thus improving both the garment’s appearance and performance. The aim of this research was to assess the performance of three most patronized lining fabrics on the Ghanaian market. Three different brands of lining ...
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Remote Sensing Application in Mapping Agricultural Crop Areas and Monitoring Rice Maturity
Nguyen Quoc Hiep,
Nguyen Anh Hung,
Pham Quang Loi,
Pham Thi Thu Hien,
Nguyen Duy Khanh
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
34-43
Received:
17 April 2020
Accepted:
5 May 2020
Published:
19 May 2020
Abstract: Climate change has evolved in an unpredictable trend and droughts have occurred more and more severely in the central provinces of Vietnam. Determining the irrigated area and water requirement for various crops and the growth stage of each crop is an urgent need as water resources for irrigation are getting scarce year by year. This research examines the application of Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 images to map crop areas and identify the current development stage of paddy rice areas. The images are collected and pre-processed from 2017 to 2018 for Ha Tinh Province in Vietnam. The Maximus Likelihood method is used to interpret Sentinel-2 imagery for mapping agricultural crop distribution status. The research presents a new approach for identifying rice maturity using the Sentinel-1 image series. The Overall Accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient methods are used to evaluate the generated maps of the agricultural crop’s distribution status. This study shows the relationship between the Sentinel-1 VH band and the growth of rice. From the image bands, we could calculate the slope of the line correlating between the VH backscattering value and the growth time of rice. Along with the local planting schedule, rice life cycle, and simple deduction, we could determine the rice growth stage at each time of image acquisition. The results identifying the rice maturity progression are illustrated for Cam Hoa commune in Cam Xuyen district and Thach Hoi commune in Thach Ha district, Ha Tinh Province.
Abstract: Climate change has evolved in an unpredictable trend and droughts have occurred more and more severely in the central provinces of Vietnam. Determining the irrigated area and water requirement for various crops and the growth stage of each crop is an urgent need as water resources for irrigation are getting scarce year by year. This research examin...
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